Stop motion - Wikipedia. A clay model of a chicken, designed to be used in a stop motion animation. Stop motion (hyphenated stop- motion when used as an adjective) is an animation technique that physically manipulates an object so that it appears to move on its own. The object is moved in small increments between individually photographed frames, creating the illusion of movement when the series of frames is played as a fast sequence. Dolls with movable joints or clay figures are often used in stop motion for their ease of repositioning.

Stop motion animation using plasticine is called clay animation or "clay- mation". Not all stop motion requires figures or models; many stop motion films can involve using humans, household appliances and other things for comedic effect. Stop motion can also use sequential drawing in a similar manner to traditional animation, such as a flip book.

Stop motion using humans is sometimes referred to as pixilation or pixilate animation. Terminology[edit]The term "stop motion", related to the animation technique, is often spelled with a hyphen, "stop- motion". Both orthographical variants, with and without the hyphen, are correct, but the hyphenated one has, in addition, a second meaning, not related to animation or cinema: "a device for automatically stopping a machine or engine when something has gone wrong" (The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, 1. Stop motion is often confused with the time lapse technique, where still photographs of a live surrounding are taken at regular intervals and combined into a continuous film. Time lapse is a technique whereby the frequency at which film frames are captured is much lower than that used to view the sequence. When played at normal speed, time appears to be moving faster. History[edit]Stop motion animation has a long history in film.

It was often used to show objects moving as if by magic. The first instance of the stop motion technique can be credited to Albert E. Smith and J. Stuart Blackton for Vitagraph's The Humpty Dumpty Circus (1. In 1. 90. 2, the film Fun in a Bakery Shop used the stop trick technique in the "lightning sculpting" sequence.

French trick film maestro Georges Méliès used stop motion animation once to produce moving title- card letters in one of his short films, and a number of his special effects are based on stop motion photography. In 1. 90. 7, The Haunted Hotel is a new stop motion film by J. Stuart Blackton, and was a resounding success when released. Segundo de Chomón (1. Spain, released El Hotel Eléctrico later that same year, and used similar techniques as the Blackton film. In 1. 90. 8, A Sculptor's Welsh Rarebit Nightmare was released, as was The Sculptor's Nightmare, a film by Billy Bitzer.

Italian animator Roméo Bossetti impressed audiences with his object animation tour- de- force, The Automatic Moving Company in 1. The great European stop motion pioneer was Wladyslaw Starewicz (1. The Beautiful Lukanida (1. The Battle of the Stag Beetles (1. The Ant and the Grasshopper (1. One of the earliest clay animation films was Modelling Extraordinary, which impressed audiences in 1.

December 1. 91. 6 brought the first of Willie Hopkins' 5. Miracles in Mud" to the big screen. Also in December 1. Helena Smith Dayton, began experimenting with clay stop motion.

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She would release her first film in 1. William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet. In the turn of the century, there was another well known animator known as Willis O' Brien (known by others as O'bie). His work on The Lost World (1. King Kong (1. 93.

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O'Brien's protege and eventual successor in Hollywood was Ray Harryhausen. After learning under O'Brien on the film Mighty Joe Young (1. Harryhausen would go on to create the effects for a string of successful and memorable films over the next three decades.

These included The Beast from 2. Fathoms (1. 95. 3), It Came from Beneath the Sea (1.

Jason and the Argonauts (1. The Golden Voyage of Sinbad (1. Clash of the Titans (1. In a 1. 94. 0 promotional film, Autolite, an automotive parts supplier, featured stop motion animation of its products marching past Autolite factories to the tune of Franz Schubert's Military March. An abbreviated version of this sequence was later used in television ads for Autolite, especially those on the 1.

CBS program Suspense, which Autolite sponsored. In the 1. 96. 0s and 1.

I think they released the teasers way too early. Should have put them out like 1 month or less before releasing the Plinkett reviews. I wonder and am starting to. Stop motion (hyphenated stop-motion when used as an adjective) is an animation technique that physically manipulates an object so that it appears to move on its own. Tonight is the two-part finale of Twin Peaks: The Return, the beginning of the end of a promise that began with the words of Laura Palmer over two decades ago: “I.

Eliot Noyes Jr. refined the technique of "free- form" clay animation with his Oscar- nominated 1. Clay (or the Origin of Species). Noyes also used stop motion to animate sand lying on glass for his musical animated film Sandman (1. Stop motion was used by Rankin/Bass on some of their Christmas specials, most notably Rudolph the Red- Nosed Reindeer (1. In 1. 97. 5, filmmaker and clay animation experimenter Will Vinton joined with sculptor Bob Gardiner to create an experimental film called Closed Mondays which became the world's first stop motion film to win an Oscar. Will Vinton followed with several other successful short film experiments including The Great Cognito, Creation, and Rip Van Winkle which were each nominated for Academy Awards. In 1. 97. 7, Vinton made a documentary about this process and his style of animation which he dubbed "claymation"; he titled the documentary Claymation.

Soon after this documentary, the term was trademarked by Vinton to differentiate his team's work from others who had been, or were beginning to do, "clay animation". While the word has stuck and is often used to describe clay animation and stop motion, it remains a trademark owned currently by Laika Entertainment, Inc. Twenty clay- animation episodes featuring the clown Mr. Bill were a feature of Saturday Night Live, starting from a first appearance in February 1. At very much the same time in the UK, Peter Lord and David Sproxton formed Aardman Animations.

In 1. 97. 6 they created the character Morph who appeared as an animated side- kick to the TV presenter Tony Hart on his BBC TV programme Take Hart. Watch My Little Pony: The Cartoon Online Free. The five- inch- high presenter was made from a traditional British modelling clay called Plasticine. In 1. 97. 7 they started on a series of animated films, again using modelling clay, but this time made for a more adult audience. The soundtrack for Down and Out was recorded in a Salvation Army Hostel and Plasticine puppets were animated to dramatise the dialogue. A second film, also for the BBC followed in 1. A TV series The Amazing Adventures of Morph was aired in 1.

Sand- coated puppet animation was used in the Oscar- winning 1. The Sand Castle, produced by Dutch- Canadian animator Co Hoedeman. Hoedeman was one of dozens of animators sheltered by the National Film Board of Canada, a Canadian government film arts agency that had supported animators for decades.

A pioneer of refined multiple stop motion films under the NFB banner was Norman Mc. Laren, who brought in many other animators to create their own creatively controlled films.

Notable among these are the pinscreen animation films of Jacques Drouin, made with the original pinscreen donated by Alexandre Alexeieff and Claire Parker. Italian stop motion films include Quaq Quao (1. Francesco Misseri, which was stop motion with origami, The Red and the Blue and the clay animation kittens Mio and Mao. Other European productions included a stop motion- animated series of Tove Jansson's The Moomins (from 1. The Fuzzy Felt Moomins"), produced by Film Polski and Jupiter Films. One of the main British Animation teams, John Hardwick and Bob Bura, were the main animators in many early British TV shows, and are famous for their work on the Trumptonshire trilogy. Disney experimented with several stop motion techniques by hiring independent animator- director Mike Jittlov to do the first stop motion animation of Mickey Mouse toys ever produced for a short sequence called Mouse Mania, part of a TV special commemorating Mickey Mouse's 5.

Anniversary called Mickey's 5. Jittlov again produced some impressive multi- technique stop motion animation a year later for a 1.

The Uncanny Sound Illusion That Creates Suspense in Christopher Nolan's Movies. Ever notice how Christopher Nolan’s movies (Interstellar, Inception, The Prestige) feel like an anxiety attack? Well, maybe that’s overstating things a bit.

But the director does have a knack for creating an unnerving degree of tension. Turns out he’s using a little bit of musical magic to do it. The magic is actually a science- based audio illusion called a Shepard tone. Named after psychologist Roger Shepard, a pioneer in our understanding of spatial relation, the effect sounds like an infinitely ascending or descending scale. The tones are constantly moving upwards or downwards, but they never seem to reach a pinnacle or nadir. This is accomplished by stacking scales on top of each other—typically one treble scale, one midrange, and one bass—with an octave in between, then playing them in a continuous loop.

A Shepard tone is sometimes referred to as the barber pole of sound. You can even see the similarity, when you hear it and look at the spectrum view of a Shepard tone. Don’t listen to this too long, or you might lose your mind: Anyways, Christopher Nolan just loves this. With longtime collaborator Hans Zimmer, the acclaimed director has used a Shepard tone in almost every one of his films in the last decade.

He even writes his scripts to match the effect. In a recent interview, Nolan explained how he used Shepard tones in his newest film, Dunkirk: The screenplay had been written according to musical principals.

There’s an audio illusion, if you will, in music called a “Shepard tone” and with my composer David Julyan on “The Prestige” we explored that and based a lot of the score around that. And it’s an illusion where there’s a continuing ascension of tone. It’s a corkscrew effect. It’s always going up and up and up but it never goes outside of its range. And I wrote the script according to that principle.

I interwove the three timelines in such a way that there’s a continual feeling of intensity. Increasing intensity. So I wanted to build the music on similar mathematical principals. Knowing this, you gain a deeper understanding of films like Interstellar, Inception, and The Prestige. It also explains why these films seem somehow inconclusive.

A Shepard’s tone creates a conflict that can’t be resolved, just like Nolan’s plots.[Digg, Business Insider].